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John Young
 
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John Young |
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Born on: |
24 Sep 1930 |
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Join NASA in: |
17 Sep 1962 |
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Current status: |
Retired 31 Dec 2004 |
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Spaceflight |
Position |
Date |
|
Gemini 3 |
Pilot |
23.03.1965 |
|
Gemini 10 |
Cmdr |
18.07. - 21.07.1966 |
|
Apollo 10 |
CMP |
18.05. - 26.05.1969 |
|
Apollo 16 |
Cmdr |
16.04. - 27.04.1972 |
|
STS 1 |
Cmdr |
12.04. - 14.04.1981 |
|
STS 9 |
Cmdr |
28.11. - 08.12.1983 |
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|
Spaceflight experience: |
In September 1962, Young was selected as an astronaut. He
is the first person to fly in space six times from earth,
and seven times counting his lunar liftoff. The first
flight was with Gus Grissom in Gemini 3, the first manned
Gemini mission, on March 23, 1965. This was a complete
end-to-end test of the Gemini spacecraft, during which Gus
accomplished the first manual change of orbit altitude and
plane and the first lifting reentry, and Young operated
the first computer on a manned spacecraft. On Gemini 10,
July 18-21, 1966, Young, as Commander, and Mike Collins,
as Pilot, completed a dual rendezvous with two separate
Agena target vehicles. While Young flew close formation on
the second Agena, Mike Collins did an extravehicular
transfer to retrieve a micro meteorite detector from that
Agena. On his third flight, May 18-26, 1969, Young was
Command Module Pilot of Apollo 10. Tom Stafford and Gene
Cernan were also on this mission which orbited the Moon,
completed a lunar rendezvous, and tracked proposed lunar
landing sites. His fourth space flight, Apollo 16, April
16-27, 1972, was a lunar exploration mission, with Young
as Spacecraft Commander, and Ken Mattingly and Charlie
Duke. Young and Duke set up scientific equipment and
explored the lunar highlands at Descartes. They collected
200 pounds of rocks and drove over 16 miles in the lunar
rover on three separate geology traverses.
Young’s fifth flight was as Spacecraft Commander of STS-1,
the first flight of the Space Shuttle, April 12-14, 1981,
with Bob Crippen as Pilot. The 54-1/2 hour, 36-orbit
mission verified Space Shuttle systems performance during
launch, on orbit, and entry. Tests of the Orbiter Columbia
included evaluation of mechanical systems including the
payload bay doors, the attitude and maneuvering rocket
thrusters, guidance and navigation systems, and Orbiter/crew
compatibility. One hundred and thirty three of the
mission’s flight test objectives were accomplished. The
Orbiter Columbia was the first manned spaceship tested
during ascent, on orbit, and entry without benefit of
previous unmanned missions. Columbia was also the first
winged reentry vehicle to return from space to a runway
landing. It weighed about 98 tons as Young landed it on
the dry lakebed at Edwards Air Force Base, California.
Young’s sixth flight was as Spacecraft Commander of STS-9,
the first Spacelab mission, November 28-December 8, 1983,
with Pilot Brewster Shaw, Mission Specialists Bob Parker
and Owen Garriott, and Payload Specialists Byron
Lichtenberg of the USA and Ulf Merbold of West Germany.
The mission successfully completed all 94 of its flight
test objectives. For ten days the 6-man crew worked
12-hour shifts around-the-clock, performing more than 70
experiments in the fields of atmospheric physics, Earth
observations, space plasma physics, astronomy and solar
physics, materials processing and life sciences. The
mission returned more scientific and technical data than
all the previous Apollo and Skylab missions put together.
The Spacelab was brought back for re-use, so that Columbia
weighed over 110 tons as Young landed the spaceship at
Edwards Air Force Base, California.
Young was also on five backup space flight crews: backup
pilot in Gemini 6, backup command module pilot for the
second Apollo mission (before the Apollo Program fire) and
Apollo 7, and backup spacecraft commander for Apollo 13
and 17. In preparation for prime and backup crew positions
on eleven space flights, Young has put more than 15,000
hours into training so far, mostly in simulators and
simulations.
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